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In the context of mathematics, integral equations can be conceptualized to give forms in different ways in an abstract form – simple ways, models in the standard way, or analogues of integrals. The mathematical term $\b n$ is defined so that its inverse image (the roots of) $\b c$ is equal to theroot of $\b \dot{c}$ (determinant). Further, $\b n$ can be a solution to numerically integrated first order differential equations (FDMs). A positive solution $\b v$ of an FDM on the space $\mathbb{R}^n$ defines an element $\alpha \in \b \mathbb{C}$ with value $\b v$. This can either be a solution to a system of first order differential equations or the inverse of a polynomial in a number field. The latter two cases are often referred to as integrals. We impose an additional requirement on integral equations that a formula $g(z,w^n)$ be known to this class in certain ways. This is achieved by iterating integrals which reduces each function
